The Conciliar Movement And Schism Essays - Western Schism

The Conciliar Movement And Schism Exemplified by the Babylonian Captivity, the issues, which stirred in the eleventh century papacy, were nothing that could be neglected. Inevitably causing the faction and conciliar development, the debasement of those pioneers of the Catholic Church was brought about by an issue of who had more force, the ruler or the pope? The journey for more force in the papacy brought about the start of the change development, another purpose behind the European states to politically separate, and made the congregation rethink its arrangement of intensity. An issue of intensity and control was tormenting the pope and the ruler. Assaults ricocheted to and fro between Pope Boniface the VIII and King Philip IV, each idea they held more force than the other. In prior days, it would have been no doubt with regards to whom could control the other into surrendering power, the pope would just need to compromise expulsion and the lord would yield to the ecclesiastical requests. Philip was not one to fear banning as those in front of him had; the Church was not more noteworthy than he was. In the long run Philip tired of the games among himself and the papacy and had Boniface executed to settle the issue. This solitary lead to a more prominent contention. The failure to deal with the eminence in Italy drove the papacy to fancy the French proposal to move the focal point of the Church to Avignon. France sees the force in holding the Church inside its territories and convinces the ecclesiastical pioneers to welcome the Church on French soil. The move of the Church denoted an uprising of shamelessness among the Church heads. The papacy was known for their unethical conduct, bearing youngsters, having illicit relationships, being openly smashed, and in any event, taking an interest in blow-outs. The papacy likewise took an interest in the offer of guilty pleasures, in which they gave positions in the congregation just as absolution and salvation for cash. The conditions were awful in Italy, a few chiefs needed to return, yet rather they exploited France. A response to the decrease of ethics among chapel pioneers, numerous individuals started to scrutinize the Universal Church. Lead by such individuals as John Wycliffe and Jan Hus, the change development started. Reformers accepted that the go between ought to be evacuated the popes, priests, cardinals-and that individuals could have direct contact with God. There would be no reliance on degenerate Church pioneers to spare you; your salvation depended on trust alone. After numerous contentions and supplications from the individuals, the papacy is moved back to Rome, just to enter the time of The Great Schism. Pope Urban VI comes into power and loses favor of some different pioneers. Everybody in the papacy is so used to extravagance, they choose they reserve the option to choose another pope on the off chance that they so pick. Pope Clement VII is chosen. In this manner starts the faction; Clement VII is taken to Avignon to proceed with indecent good practices while Urban VI stays in Rome, making two popes from which pick loyalty and two focuses of the Church. Religion was an enormous piece of Europeans' lives during this period, different nations couldn't kick back and watch the congregation be constrained by just two nations. Conciliatory devotion decisions were made by long standing competitions. Britain bolsters Italy and Urban VI on account of their flimsy relations with France, while the Scots back France in view of their relations with England. The split gives equaling nations one more motivation to isolate themselves from each other; it takes care of the previously existing fire. It has gone to the acknowledgment of the pioneers of the Church that this issue must be settled. The Conciliar Movement starts so as to make a congregation committee to direct intensity of the papacy, end the maltreatment, and end the faction. The Council of Pisa started the curing procedure by choosing a board will share the force and dynamic with the papacy. Another pope was chosen at this gathering, yet all individuals despite everything don't remember him, which permits the issues and faction to proceed. A gathering of the Council of Constance at last finishes the break. Endeavors for the perceived leverage through a congregation chamber fizzled; the pope would not endorse

Evaluation Plan

The historical backdrop of value the executives in the private segment shows an intriguing development along two measurements. To start with, the predominant direction has been widened from the item to the all out arrangement of creation and conveyance, and from item related measures to outer standards (for instance, the ecological effect of items and creation forms). Second, an advancement of perspectives and practices has occurred concerning the association of different kinds of actors.These improvements point to an expanding unpredictability of the quality administration work. Consequently, the principal point of this paper is to look at the ramifications of this development for the professionalization of this capacity. (Dick 2001) The private and the open division have, as for quality administration and assessment, followed their own lines of advancement. Indeed, even the key conceptsquality the board and evaluationhave an alternate importance, particularly as for the connection among conclusion and intervention.However, their essential inquiry is the equivalent: how might we survey acknowledged execution and utilize the outcomes to improve future execution? Also, the limits between the private and the open part are obscuring to an ever increasing extent (Godfroij and Nelissen, 1993) and the two areas attempt to take in exercises from the other. Consequently, the second point of this paper is to investigate the significance of the previously mentioned inquiries for assessment in the open sector.The importance of private division assessment approaches for open segment associations ought to be identified with similitudes and contrasts between the two segments concerning their objectives and achievement models, their customer frameworks, items and administrations, impact of partners, and necessities as for open responsibility. For instance, contrasted with private ventures, the items and administrations of open associations are regularly less concrete and expl icit, and forms need to meet measures other than specialized efficiency.For open associations, the arrangement of significant partners is increasingly separated, customer frameworks are frequently progressively diffuse and unknown, and criticism forms from customer gatherings can be progressively backhanded and entangled. As a result of these distinctions, open associations must be evaluated by other and regularly more perplexing guidelines than do private associations, for example, equivalent openness, value, and vote based system. This recommends open division execution needs to meet increasingly diffuse and different models, and can be made a decision about less easily.(Airasian 2006) On the other hand, the necessary execution of open associations can be managed unequivocally. Strategies are frequently characterized all the more unmistakably, with a view to responsibility and fair control. What's more, since governments today have enormous monetary issues, money related standards are frequently quite certain. Accordingly, customers, items, and procedures of open associations are frequently obviously characterized, subjectively just as quantitatively.Furthermore, private ventures additionally need to consider something beyond financial and specialized prerequisites and regularly utilize quality administration frameworks, which focus on inward social factors just as cultural cases and norms. Hence, the differentiation among open and private associations is just constrained. In the field of assessment, the test is fundamentally the equivalent, albeit open part assessment can be more complicated.For private undertaking, the market should be the best and proficient component for the determination among great and poor entertainers. The value system consolidates quality and effectiveness standards and mirrors the additional estimation of the items or administrations according to the purchasers. Along these lines, at an accumulated level seeing benefit figures is a n unmistakable and basic method of assessment. This technique has, be that as it may, minimal logical value.In request to recognize reasons for underperformance, quality-related elements and proficiency related components ought to be evaluated independently. While productivity assessment takes a gander at the expense creating exercises, quality evaluationthe focal point of this paperstarts with the item itself. The development of value the board in the benefit area began numerous decades prior as quality control at the degree of the completed the process of productdefining quality gauges at the item level and contrasting the item attributes and these standards.It took some time before the thought made progress that the exhibition (benefits) could be raised altogether by moving regard for the means in the creation procedure where item lacks (and expenses) are created. This brought into vision the unmistakable procedure stages just as the representatives adding to the procedure. Quali ty administration started to focus on the job of the entertainers associated with creation and dissemination forms, and to the arrangement of essential and supporting procedures all in all. It is presently generally acknowledged that quality administration ought to have an expansive extension: all out quality administration. References Airasian, P., Gay, L. R., Mills, G.. (2006). Instructive Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (eighth ed.). Dick, W. and Carey, L. (2001). The methodical plan of guidance (fifth ed.). Section 12. Longman Publishing Group. ISBN: 0321037804. Godfroij, A.J.A. what's more, Nelissen, N.J.M. (Eds.) (1993). Verschuivingen in de besturing van de samenleving, Bussum, Dick Coutinho.

Write Me A Research Paper - How To Write A Perfect Paper

Write Me A Research Paper - How To Write A Perfect PaperThe first thing that comes to mind when you hear the phrase 'write me a research paper' is someone who has a unique idea. This is certainly an effective way of starting out on your research paper, but once you get into the actual writing process, things may begin to go off track. The author may find that it is harder to write an acceptable paper with ideas rather than having a unique idea.A great thing to consider when writing a research paper is to ensure that the topic is appropriate for your research. If you are attempting to investigate a popular topic, you will find that it is easier to produce a good paper if the topic is in line with the research and not a subject that would be too complicated.Think about the genre you want to write a research paper in when trying to determine the most appropriate topic. You may find that you have no trouble with researching the topic; however, the research would not be as well developed or polished as you would like. For instance, if you are interested in doing a history of science paper, it would be better to research history of science rather than looking at biology and botany. By doing this, you can come up with a paper that is more convincing than one where you take on several unrelated topics.If you do not have enough free time to research a topic, the next best thing is to look at the books and guides available online about the topic that you want to write a research paper on. These books and guides can help you become better acquainted with the topics that are relevant to your topic. This will make your research paper more appealing to readers because you can provide examples that are from specific books rather than just random words and sentences.To conclude, the second thing that you should think about when you are writing a research paper is to ensure that it is interesting. If you have done your research properly, it will be easy to produce a well-writte n research paper. However, this does not mean that you should skim the paper or that you should not spend time thinking about how to make it more interesting.The best thing to do when writing a research paper is to spend a significant amount of time thinking about the topic of the paper. This will ensure that you have a thesis statement and that it is complete. This will also help to ensure that the paper is very easy to read and comprehend.When writing a research paper, the last thing you should consider is the topic that you are researching. Many authors will never consider the relevance of another topic if it is not related to their subject matter. They end up spending years in research trying to achieve the level of detail that they need in order to produce a quality paper.When you are trying to write a research paper, the first thing you should do is to ensure that you have all the information necessary to write a paper on the topic that you are investigating. This can be a dif ficult task and many writers may end up spending months working on the paper before they can finally finish it. By ensuring that you have all the information that you need, you will be well on your way to writing a paper that is as close to perfect as possible.

Key List of Supreme Court Cases

Analysis Of The Love Song Of J Alfred Prufrock And Richard...

Analysis of â€Å"The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Richard Cory† â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T.S. Eliot is a poem unlike any I have ever read before. The poem starts off with the speaker taking what seems to be a potential lover along for a walk. The speaker first describes their surroundings and says that â€Å"the evening is spread out against the sky like a patient etherized upon a table† and that â€Å"the streets follow like a tedious argument†. The sky is described as someone who has been anesthetized, someone who can’t feel anything. The streets are like an argument, something that can tear two people apart. The similes used make the setting seem dark and dreary. The speaker then brings up that he has a question he wishes to†¦show more content†¦He was like the sky; he couldn’t feel anything because he was too anxious. He was afraid the streets were following him and that when he asked his question things wouldn’t go well with him and his potential lover. He came off as very insecure with all of his stalling. He was so down on himself that he even believed his question could â€Å"disturb the universe† and thought that his potential lover would take his question the wrong way. The poem was centered on the insecurities of man and the inability to act. The speaker was a coward and made excuses so he wouldn’t have to ask the question he so wanted to ask. Everything seemed to make him anxious and his anxiety stopped him from getting what he really wanted. The poem â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson is the exact opposite â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†. It is a brief poem that uses very simple vocabulary. The poem is a description of the man Richard Cory. Plenty of imagery is used to describe just what type of man Richard Cory was. The speaker of the poem seems to be a collective we. The speaker is all the people who saw and knew Richard Cory. The speaker of the poem recounts that Richard Cory was a â€Å"gentleman from sole to crown, clean favored, and imperially slim† and that he was â€Å"richer than a king†. The words â€Å"crown†, â€Å"imperially†, and â€Å"king† hints that people viewed Richard Cory as a man of high status and royalty. Even though he was a man who was unlike any other, â€Å"he was always human when

The Old Pond Essay - 1160 Words

Have you ever been to a place that made you feel free? As free as a bird soaring through the sky? The Old Pond was that place for me, and though I haven’t seen its sandy edges in what seems like an eternity, I still remember it like it was yesterday. As I think about the place that once brought me such joy, I am suddenly there again. The scent of the giant pine trees, the feeling of the pond’s minnows tickling my feet, the sunshine cascading down from the opening of the trees. No other place has ever made me feel so in touch with nature, and so in touch with myself. I think of the Old Pond, my mind brewing a concoction of memories, and my childhood is reborn. Our daily regimen at the park was quite simple. Our day started†¦show more content†¦I dove right back into the water and swam for a few more hours. I’ll never forget those long, hot summer days at Peter’s Pond. Swimming was by far my favorite thing to do at the park, but there was also something else that peaked my interest. After dinner with my family, my cousin Krista and I would park our bikes at the top of Cedar Street. Cedar Street was the biggest hill in the whole park. On the count of three, Krista and I wouldn’t peddle, but would simply let our selves go down the hill. It was an incredible feeling. It was like when you’re a kid and you’re trying to run as fast as you can, so fast that it feels as if your legs are going to fall off, but you don’t even care because it’s so much fun. When I let myself go from the top of that hill, that same incredible feeling would wash over me. I felt as if I was flying. The wind whipped past me in a frenzy and my hair, blowing into my face because of the wind, clouded my vision, but I didn’t even care. I felt as if I were walk ing on air. When I think of the Old Pond, I think of the camp fires we had almost every night, of bingo, of swimming, riding my bicycle, running around at the play ground, trying to look older to impress cute boys. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg. There were the midnight escapades, when my cousin and I would sneak into the men’s room to use the bathroom, or would get spoken toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Basho s Poetry Matsuo Kinsaku And The Old Pond 1458 Words   |  6 Pages1666. Basho’s writing career began after his lord’s death and continued until his own death in 1694. Basho influenced literature the most through his unique haiku (Poetry Foundation). Three of his most famous poems, â€Å"Heat Lightning Streak,† â€Å"The Old Pond,† and â€Å"Ungraciously† illustrate Basho’s style well. Matsuo’s combination of travelling and studies concocted his impeccable haiku form loaded with imagery and analytic thoughts of nature. Japan closed its borders shortly after Basho was born, allowingRead More Pike Ted Hughes Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesshow how terrifying it is to the river world but so delicate in our world. â€Å"A hundred feet long in their world† describing the Pike as its seen in the river world, even though so small in ours, in the river, it’s horrific, huge and deadly. â€Å"In ponds, under the heat-struck lily pads – Gloom of their stillness† the poet uses this to imagine what it is like in the river for the Pike lying in wait, using â€Å"gloom† Hughes sets the mood and the eeriness of the river the world. â€Å"Logged on last year’sRead MoreEssay on Memories from Grandmas House904 Words   |  4 Pagesremember the feel of the old metal handle that was loosely attached to the door. There was always a neatly stacked pile of wood on the back porch. The gray paint on the floor was scratched and chipped away from all the years of abuse absorbed by the constant restocking of wood. It was hard to pass by the wood pile without inhaling a deep breath of crisp cedar and oak. In the summer we would play in the pond behind my Grandma’s house, although, it looked more like a swamp than a pond. There was a hugeRead MoreAn Experiment On The Water Of Water1392 Words   |  6 PagesMicrobes, in particular, have made water their homes and their diversity within these freshwater aquatic habitats was tested in this experiment and the hypothesis put forward was that cleaner water, pond B, contained a higher biodiversity as compared to dirty water. Water from two different freshwater ponds, A and B, was collected and placed in beakers, six slides of each water sample were prepared carefully and methyl cellulose was added so the movement of microbes could be inhibited. The entire sectionRead MoreThe Origin Of Water On Earth Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesInvestigated, 2008) and water, in the form of ice was released into the atmosphere and on the landmass. Over time this water has accumulated to the amount that it is at today, covering approximately 70% of the planet in the forms of oceans, rivers lakes, ponds, polar ice caps etc.(Earth Investigated, 2008). Although water had arrived on the planet under such catastrophic circumstances, it has become the basis of survival for almost all living organisms (Earth Investigated, 2008.). Even though 70% of theRead MoreMy Internship At Waddell Mariculture Center1485 Words   |  6 Pagescalculate about how many we had from the hatching so we could know about how much to feed the fish. After this we took the Brine Shrimp and fed it too Spotted Sea Trout that were 2 weeks old. The Brine Shrimp are a very good source of protein for the fish because they are 40-60% protein and they also eat the bacteria in the ponds that are bad for the fish. Brine Shrimp start out at something called cysts which you can buy all over the world and it takes only one night in water for them to hatch into the BrineRead MoreArguments And Authorities Of Arizona Law1536 Words   |  7 PagesARGUMENTS AND AUTHORITIES UNDER ARIZONA LAW, THE MALONES HAVE A VAID NUISANCE CLAIM AGAINST HERRERA AND MUST BE UPHELD SINCE: (1) HERRERA KNEW AND REALIZED THE CONDITION OF THE POND WOULD CAUSE INJURY TO MARIA MALONES LEG AND POSSIBLE DEATH, AND (2) MARIA MALONE DID NOT APPRECIATE THE RISK OF DANGER PRESENT WITH THE CONDITION OF THE POND, BECAUSE OF MARIA MALONE S YOUTH AND LACK OF REAL WORLD EXPERIENCE. Under Arizona law, to determine whether an attractive nuisance claim is enforceable, the court mustRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Jake Pond 950 Words   |  4 PagesAppalachian short story, â€Å"Jake Pond†, portrays this inevitable cycle through the depiction of a young boy enjoying nature. Lou Crabtree writes of the many inner workings of life through symbolism. While some would say this story is a literal telling of a boy and his surroundings, it does, in fact, include a plethora of metaphors to display the complexities of life through figurative language (Crabtree). In Lou Crabtree’s â€Å"Jake Pond† symbols such as the young boy, black snakes, pond, hollytree, and other naturalRead MoreA Small Pond And A Big Pond799 Words   |  4 Pageswould you pick to be? A big fish in a small pond or a small fish in a big pond? Life will give you choices, situations, opportunities that can place you on one side or another and suddenly, the path of opportunity appears , the moment where you can escape from the pond and reach the glory. Could we change that spot where life place us? Could the fish escape from the pond? Being born in Santo Domingo put me for many years as the â€Å"Big fish in the Small Pond† Since I was a kid, one of my passions haveRead MoreSummary Of The Bird Lady 1009 Words   |  5 PagesJoshua Samuel 7/31/14 The Bird Lady. Old stuff aren t just said to be old, it s the new stuff that makes it old. Even to a girl in an orphanage seeing new things make me feel young and happy. A white lotus might bring a smile on a poor man s face and the world will seem to be in order. However, the main focus is on something that is old. Never did I have an interest in something like this but because of an old lady, I do now. The sun shined bright when I was walking on a sidewalk

Business Communication Effective Non Verbal Communication

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communication for Effective Non Verbal Communication. Answer: Effective Non-Verbal Communication is More Important than Verbal Communication Skills in the Workplace. There are majorly three procedure of communication in workplace, verbal, written or non-verbal. The procedure of each and every communication has its own significance. Non-verbal communication is crucial for interpreter. Communication is an important aspect for the business because it conveys empathy and emotions and enhances the workplace efficiency. In todays business world, communication is playing a crucial role to perform a function in organization. The importance of Communication at workplace is very high because it brings clarity, enhance productivity, amplify satisfaction towards job, share ideas and views, positive impact, reduce barriers and motivate co-worker (Latha, 2014). Verbal communication is a way to share the information by using words or speech and it covers face to face conversation, telephone, television or radio. On the other hand non-verbal communication refers sharing cues between people. It includes gesture, facial expression, pitch, tone, posture, gesture, p roximity, dress appearance and eye movements.Non verbal communication is important in business because it is not possible that verbal communication should be there to share the views and make conversation, sometimes important information can be shared by non-verbal communication (Bonaccio, et. al., 2016). It is the indicator which helps to know about the person by his gesture, posture and behavior. Moreover, non-verbal communication can be effective in terms of taking decision at workplace. It is the utmost duty of superiors to create an importance of communication because the way of communication influences the duties and the performance of the employees. A manager of an organization has to follow so many responsibilities in an organization such as employee relation, handling the deadline of work and monitoring of job performance. Therefore, it is important to manager to use non-verbal communication with appropriate attitude so that criterion and need of organization can be fulfill ed. Good attitude of non-verbal communication facilitates to enhance the productivity of an employee towards performing the task (Coach, 2015). Effective non-verbal communication has the ability to maintain the relationship between employees. A smile on face while entering the office can enhance the enthusiasm of others because smiling face gives positive vibes (Gabriel, et. al., 2015). It is also the sign of confidence such as posture is the sign of attribute of an individual. When an employee stands upright and maintains eye contact while conversing with managers or follower, it reflects the confidence of that person. In comparison of verbal communication, non-verbal communication is preferable because it shows the reality of person by his or her facial expression. Facial expression reflects the interest of that particular person towards performing the task while verbal communication unable to know the interest of others. There are so many cultures at workplace, it is necessary to have the knowledge about the various cultures. Tap on the shoulder, handshake, pat on the back are some example of various culture and these act ivities motivate employees towards performing the task with enthusiasm (Carney, et. al., 2010). Eye contact is the example of non-verbal communication which regulates conversation. Eye signal depicts important part of facial expression and provide the potential to understand the attitude of others. Good eye contact helps to enhance the positivity between clients because powerful emotions can be expressed by eye contact. Along with that feature, non-verbal communication covers the aspect of paralanguage. Paralanguage refers speed of the words and volume of voice. If someone is speaking very fast so it would not be easy to the listener to understand because his words are not clear. Low voice is unable to. Therefore, the way of speech should be in medium pitch and time to time pause should be there so that targeted audience can understand the message (ChartrandLakin, 2013). There are various gestures such as arm gestures, thumb and hand gestures and many more. There are so many meaning of using arm signal but in the context of business situations, arm crossing is most common one. A lot can be uttered with these gesticulations, even when an individual do not want to speak. The gesture of nod reflects that the listener is in favor of in directing a yes or no for an answer. Effective non-verbal communication skills of workers and manager as well can bring the huge positive change in the environment of workplace. Non-verbal communication is able to remove conflicts and maintains the relationship between employees and can influenced performance of each employee as well. In the concern of interpersonal communication in a workplace, non-verbal communication is able to convey the message to others. Posture, gesture, expression, eye contact, emotions, tone of speaking has their meaning such as good and effective posture shows the confidence of an individual while gesture highlights the point whereas facial expression able to convey the emotions to others and eye contact refers the interest towards particular things. Pitch of voice reflects the understanding of an individual about the particular task (Ct, et, al., 2013) There are so many benefits of non-verbal communication in business. It brings the opportunity to interact with workers and competitors through the way of clear cut or unreserved words. It is the substitute of verbal message. Non-verbal cues put instant effect on receiver and it can be perceived by receiver quickly. The methods of non verbal is mainly uses by business in comparison of verbal methods such as graphs charts and maps are the most preferable things to know about the science, geography and particular aspect. Nonverbal communication also indicates the signs and objects such as the dress of navy and the ranking criteria is the way of nonverbal communication which reflects the identification of navy. Nonverbal communication is not only useful to the business but also for everyone. For instance, illiterate people unable to read and if illiterate people get bottle of poison, the sign of skull will be helpful to them to know about the danger. Thus, a nonverbal sign also helps to those who are unable to read and speak (Subramani, 2010). Verbal communication is also a part of business to convey the message and information to others but it has some disadvantages as well. Verbal communication in comparison of nonverbal communication is costly and lengthy. To accomplish the verbal communication, various equipments and information are needed which occupied huge expenses. The medium of communication by verbal communication is having the variety such as there are number of languages is being used in all over the world to communicate with others and it cannot be possible to an individual to having knowledge of each language (Lunenburg, 2010). So intercultural communication becomes issue for making understand and third part is required to know the language which consumes lot of money. On the other hand non-verbal communication does not need to invest money; it is simple and easy to understand. Repetition, inaccuracy in information and no storage of information are also disadvantages of verbal communication (Mujezinovic, 2011 ). Non verbal communication is more efficient at work place in comparison of verbal communication because it has been seen that due to non-verbal communication people come closer and starts to have conversation. Posture, gesture and face expressions are able to attract the person due to effective personality. Confident person can adjust everywhere and make their position firmly. It makes work easy at workplace (Conrad Newberry, 2013). It is also useful in interviews and businesses. There are various professional people such as teacher, doctors, lawyers who need to communicate with others on regularly basis if their communication skill is not good as per non-verbal communication, then their work will have to suffer in the organization. Only verbal communication is not sufficient for business, non-verbal communication also covers the important part of business. For instance, eye contact and posture are very important in interviews because it reflects the interest and confidence of an ind ividual. With the help of non-verbal communication one can shows empathy, confidence, trustworthiness and accuracy of intentions (Tiwari, 2015). It has been concluded that non-verbal communication is must in the business because it shows the reality and trustworthiness of an individual. It also works like complementary such as people in pain usually tell to others about their pain and their gesture and posture which is the sign of non-verbal communication indicates that they are in pain. The act of non-verbal communication is stronger than verbal communication in so many stages. The nature of non-verbal communication is situational and contextual and sometimes the message which is conveyed by non-verbal communication is stronger. It has been critically evaluated in this essay that the verbal communication is important but now a days most of the businesses are using non-verbal communication to convey the messages and motivate them. Advantage of non-verbal communication at workplace has been reflected in this essay. The major aim of organization regarding information is to convey the right message in an appropriate manner. Henc e, communication of organization consider as important aspect which is helpful to develop the relations between employee and employer. With the help of non-verbal communication the attitudes of an individual can be understood on the other hand verbal communication helps to make understand the meaning to the third party. References Bonaccio, S Reilly, J, O Sullivan,S, l, O Chiocchio, F, 2016, Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace: A Review and an Agenda for Research, Journal of Management Vol. XX No. X, Month XXXX 131 DOI: 10.1177/0149206315621146. Carney, D. R., Cuddy, A. J., Yap, A. J. 2010, Power posing brief nonverbal displays affect neuroendocrine levels and risk tolerance, Psychological Science, 21: 1363-1368. Chartrand, T. L., Lakin, J. L. 2013, The antecedents and consequences of human behavioral mimicry. Annual Review of Psychology, 64: 285-308. Coach, B, 2015, Advantages of Nonverbal Communication in Business, Retrieved on 25th April 2017 from: https://bizcommunicationcoach.com/advantages-of-nonverbal-communication-in-business/. Conrad, D Newberry, R, 2013, 24 Business Communication Skills: Attitudes of Human Resource Managers versus Business Educators, American Communication Journal 2011 Spring, Volume 13, Issue. Ct, S., Hideg, I., Van Kleef, G. A. 2013, The consequences of faking anger in negotiations, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49: 453-463. Gabriel, A. S., Acosta, J. D., Grandey, A. A. 2015, The value of a smile: Does emotional performance matter more in familiar or unfamiliar exchanges?, Journal of Business and Psychology, 30: 37-50. Latha, M, 2014, First Impressions: A Study of Non- Verbal Communication, Frontiers of Language and Teaching, Vol.5. Lunenburg, F, C, 2010, Communication: The Process, Barriers, And Improving Effectiveness, schooling volume 1, number1, 2010. Mujezinovic, N 2011, The importance of non-verbal communication in business, Bachelor Thesis 2011. Subramani, R, 2010, Insight through Body Language and Non-verbal Communication References In Tirukkural, Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow, Volume 10 : 2 February 2010 ISSN 1930-2940. Tiwari, A, K, 2015, Non-verbal communication-an essence of interpersonal relationship at workplace, Vol. XI, No. 2; December 2015.

Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people)

Introduction Studies indicate that the major victims of road driving are the young people. In fact, age, gender and inexperience are among the factors putting at higher risks of driving injuries. For instance, due to the age, young people are incapable of effectively estimating their capabilities and often test their limits above other individuals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dodge (2011) argues that the underdevelopment of the children brains accounts for their inability to estimate their driving capabilities. Further, the parts of the brain tasked with making of choices are still undergoing development thereby influencing behavior when driving. Moreover, invariable judgment about driving actions often distracts young inexperienced drivers. In terms of sexual orientation, the males are more exposed to the risks of road injuries due to thrill and impression seeking actions, driving at excessive speeds as well as failure to use seatbelts. Injuries from road traffic account for larger proportion of the cause of deaths amongst young people worldwide. Precisely, approximately four hundred thousand people under the age of twenty-five years die annually due to road injuries. Hanson, Vardon, McFarlane, Lloyd, Muller, Durrheim (2010) studied the trends of deaths caused by accidents in young people and reported that a large percentage of the deaths take place among young cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. The traffic injuries are avertable. In fact, several interventions have proved invaluable in addressing the hazard aspects as well as diminishing the rates of driving injuries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a number of interventions that are significant in reducing driving injuries during the United Nations Global Road Safety Week. For instance, separation of vario us types of road users, reduction of driving speed and not driving when drunk as well as carrying out graduated licensing schemes for apprentice drivers are essential for the reduction of driving injuries. Epidemiology of driving injuries among young people Among the driving injuries experienced worldwide among young people, alcohol is considered as a major contributor of road collisions and fatalities. In fact, studies assert that high blood alcohol concentrations pose greater risks of crashing.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hingson and Heeren (2010) argue that large proportions of young male drivers between the ages twenty-two to forty-five often drink alcohol before driving which increases the likelihood of fatal crashes. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), forty-one percent of road accidents arise from alcohol-related crashes. Levenso n, Hingson and Heeren (2010) shows that age is essential in determining the amount of blood alcohol concentration in the body. National Roadside Survey and NHTSA data show that young drivers between the ages of 16 and 20 have the highest contents of blood alcohol concentration (BAC). For example, the male drivers between the ages of sixteen and twenty whose BAC is over 0.15 accounts for approximately 15, 550 individuals compared to their female counterparts accounting for estimated seven hundred and forty people. Information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) indicates significant fluctuations in driving injuries across sexual orientations, age and inexperience. Rivara and MacKenzie (2012) studied gender variation concerning risk exposure of young people to accident and reported that males are exposed to higher risks of traffic accidents. For instance, in 2012, males accounted for approximately eighty percent of the traffic deaths. In addition, men account for forty- six percent of alcohol related crashes compared to thirty percent traffic related deaths accounted for by females. On age, young and middle-aged adults are the most involved in road accidents. For example, people aged between the ages sixteen and twenty-nine make up fifty-five percent of traffic deaths compared to seven percent of individuals with over sixty-five years. Klassen, MacKay and Moher (2010) assert that speeding is also a significant cause of injuries among young drivers. Actually, 40% of drivers involved in fatal traffic crashes had high BAC of 0ver 0.15 percent. In addition, young drivers often fail to wear safety seatbelts increasing their risks to road crashes and injuries. According to NHTSA (2003), greater proportions young drivers who endured road crashes wore safety belts.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Young drivers convicted of drinking and driving require assessments on alcohol abuse or dependence as well as attend alcohol treatment. According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), management of convicted drinking and driving offender trims down the repletion of the offence by approximately 10%. Further, O’Malley and Wagenaar (2009) argue that to reduce injuries from alcohol related accidents, legal drinking ages should be enforced at a minimum of twenty-one years to prevent young people from excessive drinking. Setting BAC limits and impounding driving licenses of traffic offenders are essential. Current preventive strategies Various preventive measures are currently in place to mitigate accident related injuries. However, it is critical to understand which preventive strategy is more effective. Wallace (2012) studied the current and previous accident preventive measures and concluded that the outcome of any program on accident reduction depends on the effectiv eness of protective measures put in place. Gielen and Sleet (2013) also studied several strategies that are currently in place to prevent injuries on young people. According to Gielen and Sleet (2013) study, the trends indicate that despite the preventive measures, the likelihood for young people involved in injuries is increasing. The injuries preventive strategies include mandatory child restraint use laws, which involve various recommended implementations including enforcement by the police. The strategy is strongly recommended particularly when the police are involved in its enforceability. Mandatory child restraint use laws also include the application of seat belts. The recommendations are that when safety seats are properly installed and used appropriately the risk of injuries are reduced by over 70% in infants while children above the age of one, the reduction rate is over 54%. The preventive measures have proved to be effective particularly where enforcement is operational. Besides the child restraint use laws strategies, other strategies such as the use of seat belts, alcohol-impaired driving, nighttime driving restrictive curfew and mandatory helmet use laws to prevent motorbike injuries have been in practice to prevent injuries related to accidents on young people.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, according to Zaza and Thompson (2011), the strategies have various limitations including enforceability and implementations. In most cases, the strategies are to be implemented by the police who often have limited capacity. In addition, the strategies have a limited target. For instance, the mandatory child restraint use laws only targets the child safety seats. However, Wagenaar, Murray, and Geban (2010) argue that the preventive measures are not exhaustive. New strategies need to be in place to prevent further injuries on young people. In fact, the new strategies should be innovative, easily understood and applied. In addition, the new strategies should be effective particularly where young people are involved. Goals and objectives The major goal of the current interventions is to reduce injuries related to motor vehicle accidents on young people by over 80%. However, each intervention has specific goals. For instance, the alcohol-impaired driving main objective is to red uce the number of adults driving while carrying young people as well as preventing driving while drunk. As Shults, Elder and Sleet (2011) indicated, the number of alcohol related accidents have considerably increased among young people. The collective objectives are to reduce the probability of young people being involved in injuries related to motor vehicle accidents. The current interventions, limitations, goals and objectives are summarized in the table below Intervention Limitations Goals/objectives Mandatory child restraint use laws Limited police enforceability To reduce the risks associated with Moto vehicle safety seats Community wide enforcement campaigns Can only be applied during certain times of the year To enhance public awareness on the injuries related to accidents Random breath testing sobriety checkpoints Limited police enforceability To reduce alcohol related crashes and deaths by between 17-25% Zero Tolerance Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Possibilit y of increasing the set limits. Lack of strict enforceability Reduces accident related injuries on young people under the age of 21 Nighttime driving restriction curfew laws Applied spatially with some exceptions allowed To avoid injuries resulting from night time crashes. In addition, to discourage nighttime teens driving The rationale for the current interventions As indicated the current intervention are not exhaustive in terms of preventing the injuries. However, most of the interventions have been proven effective in preventive processes. The main justification for the current interventions is to put in place control measures that are deemed useful in reducing injuries. In addition, the control measures must be enforceable and implemented. Baker, Braver, Chen and Williams (2012) indicated that the enforceability and implementation could only succeed when the measures have legal framework through various legislations. In other words, the effectiveness of any intervention de pends on its enforceability based on a given legal framework. The proposed current intervention The current interventions address injuries that are not intended. The reason is that unintentional injuries have been in existence. As such, the preventive measures have also been formulated. However, the interventions only address the injuries that occur within the vehicle when an accident occurs. According to Emery (2013), the environmental interventions have not been addressed in most of the current injury related to accident strategies. The proposed interventions tend to focus on environmental modifications to prevent young pedestrians from injuries related to roadside accidents. The first strategy is to install streetlights on the sidewalks to increase visibility. The streetlights should also be combined with traffic lights indicating areas where crossings are allowed. In addition, the crossings should be clearly marked with warnings provided in advance for approaching drivers to slo w down. The other environmental modification interventions is establishing speed limit in areas near playing grounds as well as schools. The environmental modification prevention strategies would be critical in preventing injuries that would have been caused by the drivers’ negligence and the children inability to understand the environment. In fact, the environmental related prevention measures have not been critically looked at and in cases where such interventions are available the target are not young children. The proposed environmental modification strategies are summarized below. Intervention Recommendation Goals/Expected outcome Maximum speed limit near playing ground Should be enforced by the police as well as other stakeholders Reduce the possibilities of the accidents by 56% The assumed child prior knowledge should be included on the driving training manual and enforced by the police Expected to reduce the possibility of having injuries due assumption of pre -knowledge of the child by 25-30% Discussions As indicated, the major cause of accident related injuries on young people in alcohol. The current preventive measures are focused on measures to reduce alcohol related accidents. In addition, O’Malley and Wagenaar (2009) argue that Young drivers convicted of drinking and driving require assessments on alcohol abuse or dependence as well as attend alcohol treatment. To reduce such offenses, security personnel in charge of traffics should increase their enforceability capabilities. In addition, increased management of convicted drinking and driving offender would help in trimming down the repletion of the offence. O’Malley and Wagenaar (2009) further argue that to reduce injuries from alcohol related accidents, legal drinking ages should be enforced at a minimum of twenty-one years to prevent young people from excessive drinking. Setting BAC limits and impounding driving licenses of traffic offenders are essential. Furthe r, environmental modification interventions are found to be lacking in the current strategies. Hingson and Heeren (2010) argue that environmental modification prevention strategies would be critical in preventing injuries caused by the drivers’ negligence and the children inability to understand the environment. In fact, the environmental related prevention measures have not been looked at critically and in cases where such interventions are available the target are not young children. Conclusion As indicated, young people are the major victims of road driving. In fact, age, gender and inexperience are among the factors putting at higher risks of driving injuries. In addition, alcoholism is cited as the major contributor to the cause of accidents among the youth. However, the current strategies are not exhaustive in preventing injuries resulting from accidents. Therefore, novel and innovative strategies are still needed in the prevention and reduction of injuries. References Baker, S. P., Braver, E. R., Chen, L. H. Williams, A. (2012). Drinking histories of fatally injured drivers. Injury Prevention, 8(1), 221–226. Dodge, K. A. (2011). The science of youth violence prevention: Progressing from developmental epidemiology to efficacy to effectiveness to public policy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 20(1), 63–70. Emery, C. (2013). Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: a systematic review of the literature. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 13(4), 256–68. Gielen, A. C., Sleet, D. A. (2013). Application of behavior change theories and methods to injury prevention. Epidemiologic Review, 25(4), 65–76. Hanson, D., Hanson, J., Vardon, P., McFarlane, K., Lloyd, J., Muller, R., Durrheim (2010). The injury iceberg: An ecological approach to planning sustainable community safety interventions. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 16(4), 5–15. Hingson, R. Heeren, T. (2010). Age of drinking onset an d unintentional injury involvement. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(12), 1527–1533. Klassen, T., MacKay, J. Moher, D. (2010). Community-based injury prevention interventions. The Future of Children, 10(1), 83–110. Levenson, S., Hingson, R. Heeren, T. (2010). Age of drinking onset, driving after drinking and involvement in alcohol–related motor vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34(4), 85–92. O’Malley, P. M. Wagenaar, A. C. (2009). Effects of minimum drinking age laws on alcohol use, related behavior, and traffic crash involvement among American youth. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52(5), 478–491. Rivara, F. MacKenzie, E. (2012). Systematic reviews of strategies to prevent motor vehicle injuries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6(4), 123-127. Shults, R., Elder, R. Sleet, D. (2011). Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol–impaired driving. American Journal of Preventi ve Medicine, 21(4), 66–88. Wagenaar, A. C., Murray, D. M. Geban, J. P. (2010). Communities mobilizing for change: Outcomes from a randomized community trial. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(1), 85–94. Wallace, D. (2012). Evidence-based effective strategies for preventing injuries: child restraints, seat belts, reducing alcohol-impaired driving, teen drivers, child abuse prevention, bike helmets, residential fire, and drowning. Injury Prevention and Control, 36(8), 23-29. Zaza, S. Thompson, R. (2011). The guide to community preventive services: reducing injuries to motor vehicle occupants, systematic reviews of evidence, and recommendations from the task force on community preventive services, and expert commentary. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48(3), 98-105. This report on Injury Prevention Intervention (Driving injury in young people) was written and submitted by user Haylee Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Day of Yahweh Essay Example

Day of Yahweh Essay Example Day of Yahweh Essay Day of Yahweh Essay Josh Wilson Minor Prophets November 15, 2010 Dr. Joseph Cathey The Day of Yahweh The Day of Yahweh is the day that most people associate with a period of time or a certain day that will occur when God’s will and purpose for His world and for mankind will be fulfilled. Some people believe that the day of the Lord will be a longer period of time than a single day- a period of time when Christ will reign throughout the world before He cleanses heaven and earth in preparation for the eternal promise of all mankind. Other scholars believe the day of the Lord will be an instantaneous event when Christ returns to earth to redeem His faithful believers and send unbelievers to eternal damnation. We can find support and promises of this throughout the Bible. In summation according to Amos 5, the DOY (Day of Yahweh) will be a day of darkness like we have never experienced or are even able to fathom. For the first time people of the earth will experience God’s total, all powerful wrath. We will see that the things of this world that we have sought after that we consider to be necessities will be stripped from us and account for nothing. Our views of greatness such as fame, fortune, and our own personal images will be for nothing as God unleashes His wrath upon the people of the earth. â€Å"The New Testament calls it a day of â€Å"wrath,† a day of â€Å"visitation,† and the â€Å"great day of God Almighty† (Revelation 16:14) and refers to a still future fulfillment when God’s wrath is poured out on unbelieving Israel (Isaiah 22; Jeremiah 30:1-17; Joel 1-2; Amos 5; Zephaniah 1) and on the unbelieving world (Ezekiel 38–39; Zechariah 14)†. (Got Questions Ministries) Are people of the world ready for this day that is nearing? The Old Testament was prophesying the day as a day that is near and forth coming. In Isaiah 13:6 it says, â€Å"Wail, for the day of the LORD is near†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Just how long away is this day? Just glancing at the passage it appears that God wants the Israelites to go above and beyond what they are presently doing. The passage begins by warning them of their expectation of the DOY. Why does God warn against something that had been in some cases a positive thing for God’s people? Is God trying to end the encouraging feeling of the anticipation of the DOY by telling about the punishment that awaits them? The passage continues and says â€Å"it will be darkness, and not light† in verse 18. This is repeated again in verse 20, (â€Å"†¦Is it not very dark? †) Why does Amos repeat this? Also something to think about, for whom is it going to be dark? Is who â€Å"you†? At first glance it looks like the letter seems to be aimed at the house of Israel, which Amos repeats later on in verse 25. So, that does not leave much room for debate. In verse 19, the passage continues by giving an suggestive metaphor for what this â€Å"day† will be like (â€Å"fled from lion, and a bear met him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). We can conclude from this that this event is inescapable and so is God’s wrath, but after we experience this will there be relief? First, it is said that the Lord hates the various feast days and their assemblies and offerings that people are giving to the Lord in verse 21. The texts go on to talk about other practices which God detests including their music, worship and songs (v. 23). It does not look like there is much hope for the nation of Israel. Why is God so sickened by the acts of worship and praise that they are offering to Him? God offers some relief in verse 24. The tone changes and it looks like there is a solution for God’s people. Amos says â€Å"let justice roll down like water, And righteousness like a mighty stream†¦. † The main question concerning this is what type of offerings were they giving to God and what was their intent? Intent seems to be very important to God here. Amos then questions the period of time they spent in the desert, and asks â€Å"did you offer Me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness for forty years..? † (v. 25). Whether this is rhetorical or a question requiring a response is something that needs to be examined. Then there is the mention of a number of idols or deities that the Israelites took comfort in while they were in the desert. There are various interpretations of verse 26. Also there are contrasting opinions as to whether the answer to the question is meant to be answered or if it is rhetorical. Whichever way you view the question, whatever they did it was displeasing to God. It appears that if they did perform the sacrificial rituals the problem was that the sacrifices were not directed towards God and if they did not offer sacrifices they were neglecting their duties. However, there is another possibility and that is to show that the desert sacrifices, as insufficient as they may have been, were more pleasing to God that the more magnificent sacrifices of the present. This would be more in concurrence with the later teachings of the New Testament (Mark 12:42). But in addition there are other possible alternatives especially that verse 25 and verse 26 put side by side each other to distinguish between the then and the now. Given these statements, one must ask what can one person ultimately say in conclusion about the meaning of Amos? The difference in the DOY according to Amos, we can conclude that Amos was not a â€Å"normal† prophet. Given the repetitiveness of â€Å"day† in the book of Amos it would seem fair to say he is an eschatological prophet. â€Å"For some of the prophets, this Day would be one of punishment for Israel alone; for others, the gentiles would be the target of the Lords wrath; for most, the judgment would come on Israel and gentiles alike. All prophets believed that this Day would lead to repentance and redemption† (Bacon, 2010). This was common in the Hebrew context, the prophet using a common reference (DOY) with dual significance. In this case, although many scholars debate it, it would seem that the DOY is a festival of some sort or other deity related festivals, but the ultimate significance was the fact that the real DOY would be something less than encouraging, if the people do not change their ways. Bibliography Bacon, S. (2010). The day of the Lord. The Jewish Quarterly , 149-156. Got Questions Ministries. (2002-2010). What is the day of the Lord? Retrieved November 8, 2010, from www. gotquestions. org

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Political Science - Essay Example After the Ancient Greeks there was little attempt to how world politics work. The concepts of realism were greatly expanded by Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes to become very influential amongst people that are attempting to understand and evaluate world politics. The main aspects of the realism school are that nation states are the most important components within the contemporary international system, and that the objective of each nation state is to gain the most from that system by making realistic as well as rational foreign policy decisions. Realism stresses that nation states compete with each other to gain the most amount of power through the most effective diplomatic or military means. The nation states that are the best at using diplomacy and the threat of military force are the ones that should gain the most power and wealth from the international system. Neorealism is a theory of world politics that was developed from realism. Neorealism still contends that the nation state is the main basis for the international system. However, unlike realism the concept of Neorealism contends that nation states are influenced and possibly shaped by the international system, rather than just by the relationships between each other. Neorealism owes most of its concepts and also its arguments to the work of Waltz. It was Waltz and others that developed the notion of Neorealism to make up for the events and the organisations that realism either did not explain at all or only partially explained. Neorealism was designed in order to explain the formation of organisations such as the UN, the EU, and GATT in which nation states co-operate with each other, for their mutual benefits, actions that realism had failed to predict and could not adequately explain. Neorealism claims that non-governmental organisations have an influence over the international sys tem that has weakened the primary position of the nation state without displacing that

A reflective learning journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A reflective learning journal - Essay Example There is the explanation, as to how the profits of a firm can be useful in the development of the principles of the supply chain management. The increased level of the interaction between these two fields shall allow enhancement of the ability of the organizations to meet their goals. The traditional aspects of the strategic management have been aimed at the operational level efficiency of the firms. The obtaining of products or services through the markets has been evolving at high speed. The new companies are no longer fighting the war on the strategic turf; it is being increasingly fought on the supply chain side. The improvement in the supply chain is one of the ways of countering the increasing costs. It also helps to tide over the increasing competition in a number of areas of management. The supply chain is representative of the link between the hierarchies and the market. The increased efficiency in this field is a potential source of competitive advantage. This research paper has helped in comprehending the importance of the synergy between the fields of the strategic management and the supply chain management. This is an area of great importance in the modern corporate world. The developments of the newer kind of competition have an effect on the competencies of the firm. One of the prime examples of this process can be seen in the case of the supermarkets. The supply chain management plays a great role for cost-saving. It also allows in the achievement of the strategic objectives of the firm. The paper deals with the case between the Hughes Aircraft Systems International and the Air services Australia. Hughes was an applicant in the case, who was also an unsuccessful bidder in the two of the tender processes. It was conducted by the Civil Aviation Authority. The proceedings of the court found that the processes were governed by two tenders. This had an effect on the process of the tenders. The terms of

The Impact of Firs Reforms on Tax Collection Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Firs Reforms on Tax Collection Essay Thus, it has been stated that the importance of taxation lies primarily in its ability to raise capital for the development and growth of the economy and also in assisting the regulation of the consumption pattern, resulting in economic stabilization and effective redistribution of income (ICAN, 2009). The Nigerian tax system takes after the political structure of the country. As we have three (3) tiers of government (Federal, State and Local Government), we also have a distinct tax administration at each tier of government with the joint tax board playing an overarching supervisory role. The Joint Tax Board (JTB) is an off shoot of the Income Tax Management Act (ITMA) 1961 with the main objective of bringing uniformity in the administration of the various regional tax administrations. The Joint Tax Board was established under section 86 of the personal Income Tax Act Cap p. 8 LFN 2004. The section provides that the chairman of the JTB shall be the chairman of the Federal Board of Inland Revenue (Amawhe A. S, 2010). The administration of taxation on the profits of incorporate companies is vested in the Federal Inland Revenue service (FIRS) whose management board is known as the Federal Board of Inland Revenue (FBIR) (Section 1-3 FIRS establishment Act). The various taxes collected by the FIRS are; (1) Companies Income Tax (2) Withholding Tax on companies, resident of Federal capital territory, Abuja and non-resident individuals (3) Petroleum Profit Tax (4) Value Added Tax (5) Education Tax 6) Capital Gains Tax on residents of the Federal capital territory, Abuja, bodies corporate and non-resident individuals (7) Stamp Duties on bodies corporate and residents of the Federal capital territory, Abuja (8) Personal Income Tax in respect of:- * Members of the Armed Forces of the Federation * Members of the Nigerian Police Force * Residents of the Federal capital Territory, Abuja and * Staff of the ministry of foreign affairs and non-resident individuals. (9) National Information Technology Development Levy Value added tax as one of the taxes collected by the FIRS is an area of taxation that has high prospects of improving the internally generated revenue of the Nigerian government. The VAT system in Nigeria started with acceptance of the recommendation of a study group on indirect taxation in November 1991. The decision to accept the recommendation was made public in the 1992 budget speech of the Head of State. This resulted in setting up the modified value-added tax (MVAT) committee on 1st June, 1992 as recommended by the study group. The introduction of VAT in Nigeria through Decree 102 of 1993 marks the phasing out for the Sales Tax Decree No. 7 of 1986. The Decree took effect on 1st December, 1993 but administrative arrangement, involving for tax purpose commenced January, 1994. Value Added Tax is a tax on the supply of goods and services which is eventually born by the final consumers but collected at each stage of production and distribution chain. The introduction of VAT made government reasoned that, it will be virtually impossible to evade tax (Olatunji, O. C. , 2009). The reforms of the various taxes collectible at the Federal level in Nigeria have been a key component of the economic reforms implemented from the second half of 2986. The reforms that characterized the taxes have been undertaken as part of the overall programme of making the public sector and its activities more efficient and growth-promoting across sectors of the economy (Olopoenia et al). As nearly all the taxes at the federal level have undergone one reform r the other especially in the area of structure, there is a need to ask whether the reforms have increase the tax revenue collected by the Federal Inland Revenue Service.

Meta Tags and Meta Keywords :: Internet Technology Essays

Meta Tags and Meta Keywords Meta Tags are thought to be the be all-end all of search engine rankings. This is not true. Meta Tags are a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for high rankings. Meta tags are designed to provide basic information to the search engine about the site. Meta tags appear at the top of the HTML document within the <head></head> section of the document. In the following example, nine different types of Meta Tags are identified: Content-Type, Copyright, Resource-type, ObjectType, Author, Rating, Distribution, Description, and Keywords. The two meta tags of primary interest to search engines are the â€Å"Description† and â€Å"Keywords† tags. These tags describe the contents and key words for the search engine. <HTML> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta http-equiv="Copyright" content="1998, 1999 MotorCities.com, Inc."> <meta name="Resource-type" content="Document"> <meta name="ObjectType" content="Journal"> <meta name="Author" content="Car Pictures .com Webmaster"> <meta name="Rating" content="General"> <meta name="Distribution" content="Global"> <meta name="Description" content="Gallery of car pictures, car videos, car sounds, car photos, car photographs, automobile pictures, automobile videos, automobile sounds, automobile photos, automobile photographs, auto pictures, auto videos, auto sounds, auto photos, auto photographs, pictures of cars."> <meta name="Keywords" content="Gallery of car pictures, car videos, car sounds, car photos, car photographs, automobile pictures, automobile videos, automobile sounds, automobile photos, automobile photographs, auto pictures, auto videos, auto sounds, auto photos, auto photographs, pictures of cars, Porsche pictures, Ferrari pictures, Lamborghini pictures."> <title> Car Pictures .com -- Gallery of pictures (photos or photographs), video, sounds, wallpaper and specifications of all cars, motorcycles and all vehicles. </title> </HEAD> Several excellent sources that detail the use of the Meta Tag are: The Web Developer’s Virtual Library (http://wdvl.com/Authoring/HTML/Head/Meta/ ) Search Engine Watch (http://searchenginewatch.internet.com/webmasters/meta.html) Internet Marketing Chapter 13: Driving Traffic to Your Site: Understanding and Using Search Engines for Search and Site Optimization. Adding Keywords Using the META Tag Maximum -800 characters. Adding keywords simply requires editing the HTML code and adding the meta tags, as in the following example. The top of a web page source code on your site might look like: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>ACME Corporation Devices Information</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>ACME Corporation Innovative Opening Devices Information</H1> Create a META tag with the following information: <META name="keywords" content="brochure"> TO ADD ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS <META name="keywords" content="brochure, widget, wholesale"> The top of your HTML document would then look like: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>ACME Corporation Devices Information</TITLE> <META name="keywords" content="brochure, widget, wholesale"> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>ACME Corporation Innovative Devices Information</H1> QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT META KEYWORDS Q) META keywords tag - should I use UPPERCASE, lowercase or a mixture, commas or spaces? A) Use lowercase, separated by commas, with a space after the comma.

Essay on 2g Spectrum

Essay on 2G Spectrum Scam B Rajashekar Reddy (1593206) MADS 6604 Ethics and Public Values Prof Brenda Lyshaug, Ph. D. Fairleigh Dickinson University April 01, 2013 â€Å"2G† stands for â€Å"Second-generation wireless telephone technology†. The 2G scam is one of the biggest scam till now in India and the highest authority of India Supreme Court stated that this scam is mother of all the scam till now in India. In this 2G spectrum scam many government officials are involved for illegally undercharging frequency allocation for the mobile telephonic companies.The difference between the money collected and the money to be obtained is 1, 76,379 crore rupees (USD 39 billion). The issuing of licenses to the mobile companies occurred in 2008, but it first came to notice when the income tax department investigating one of the political person NiraRadia. CBI and CAG are the two investigation agencies involved in the investigation of the 2g scam. CAG is a file based government aud iting agency. It focuses on reporting the issues when there is a deviation from the set policies and procedures and also how it is effected the economy growth.CAG has clearly mentioned that the allotment of licenses was not held in realistic price. That has caused a loss of revenue up to Rs. 176 lakhs crore to the government of India. The report also stated that telecom minister A. Raja has totally ignored the advice of finance ministries on allocation of license to benefit for few operators. It also that all the telecom regulator acts are ignored to misused. CAG also reported that the price at the license was allocated in 2008 are according to the prices in 2001.The price is very low when compared to the technology and other development from the year 2008 to 2001 which has resulted in loss to the government. The auction methods followed and the bids to invite the participants to sell the license are not carried out according to proper rules. CAG also stated that telecom ministry ha s crossed all the financial procedures, policies and rules according to his needs. Raja has issued licenses to the candidates who are ineligible and to the candidates submitted the false documents. From 122 licenses 85 are illegally assigned nd they are not to the mark or rules needed by the telecom regulations act. Government has also formed a special central bureau of investigation team to investigate the case. The charge sheet filled by the CBI has stated that the loss was 309845. 5 million (US$ 5. 7 billion) on 2nd April 2011. As per joint report of Income Tax Department and Central Bureau of Investigation agencies. It has stated that A. Raja could have received an amount of 30 billion rupees (US$ 550 million) as a bribe from the companies for bringing the cut-off date forward for the applicants of spectrum.The actual date of submission is 1st October 2007 then later it is shifted to 25th September 2007 this shift in the deadline has eliminated many applications and it went favo r of some of the applicants. His auction is not done according to the market valuation and instead he adopted the rate of 2001, when the telecom sector was in perfect boom. Actions to prevent such scams All the proceeding done by the parliamentary committees should be made clear to the public and media, so that everyone can clearly understand the issue.The government needs to take severe and serious actions in such issue that can restrict others to involve in such scam. Government has to prove itself by taking all the actions on the accused independent of their position and personality. Media has to perform its duty by letting out the truth to the public in such issues. Fast track courts are to be established by government to create transparence in the justice in such scams. On May 2007, A. Raja has been appointed as a telecom minister and in august 2007 department of telecommunications DOT has initiated a process of allocation for 2G spectrum.On 25th of September 2007 telecom minis try issues press not for the deadline for applications as October 1st 2007. The prime minister of India writes to the telecom ministry A. Raja to make sure that all the process of allotment should be carried in a transparent and fair manner and to make sure about the fee with respect to the market value. But, A. Raja has wrote back to prime ministry rejecting many of his suggestions and recommendations. This scam involves many political issues, as A. Raja is member of DMK party which supports congress government in the central.Some videos related to A. Raja regarding the lobbing for the post of telecom ministry has been leaked to press. That became as a serious issue in the central at the same time 2g scam has been came in to the picture. Congress government thought of laying off the case as it became a prestige issues to the government. In this process the CBI head and Income tax department head has been discharged from their positions and sent to other department. Since, DMK is a supporting party to the government. The government doesn’t want to lose their support as it is very much needed to be in power.As the video’s regarding the lobbing for the telecom ministry post has went in to the public through media. Then the government stated to resign for the post of telecom minister. Earlier, A. Raja refused to resign but later his is left with no other option. In this scam, the government tried to divert the issue by stating that there was a gain instead of loss to the government. Later, other statement has been issued from government stating that there was a zero loss to the government. This two contradiction statement has created my doubts in the public.As per the public petition filled by the senior retired officer the Supreme Court has take up the case and on 2nd February 2012 the supreme court of India has stated that the license allocation are done without following any procedures and rules and this directly has favored many companies. A. Ra ja has been arrested on February 2nd 2011 and this impacted many company shares and share market has been collapsed by 20% on that day. Companies like swan telecom and unitech have got the licenses at very low price and then they sold and given partnership to other companies at very high price when compared to the price that they got the license.This clearly states the difference between buying and selling price, which has done great loss to the government. For this, A. Raja has taken bribe from the companies indirectly by investing the money into the Kalaignar TV channel in Chennai, which is headed by MP Kanimozhi daughter of DMK party leader M. Karunanidhi. Telecom department need to follow the telecom regulation act and rules and this should be monitored by the department of telecom director. If anything done in wrong way or without following the rules then it should be notified by the director and definite action should be taken like cancelling the licenses.The government needs to assign this post to talented and trustful and sincere persons like retired IPS officers. This scam could not been occurred if the director of department could have noticed it and complained it to the higher officials. When such bids or allocations are conducted with large amount of money then there need to be some steps should be carried out like perfect document verification and perfect financial statement. Also need to check whether the company has all the eligibilities to apply or not. There need to perfect rules and regulations need to be setup before the process of bid is initialized.The income tax and CBI need to focus on the participants of the bids. Since, large amount of money is involved in the bid. Government also need to act irrespective to the political issues when such issues occur. Instead of covering those issues the government needs to take transparent and fair action regardless of the political issues and matters. As a government servant A. Raja has misused all his powers and responsibilities for his now needs and work. He used his power to build his own wealth and his fellow beings. As a public and government servant he needs to serve the public with their needs and wants.He used all the powers for his own interest. As a public servant he has lost all his faith and trust towards the public. He misused the public funds and values of the parliamentary. Which is very unethical to do being in such high position. Beside A. Raja, M. K. Kanimozhi has also involved in the scam. M. K. Kanimozhi is only daughter of five time chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidi representing DMK political party. Kanimozhi is Member of Parliament representing Rajya Sabha for Tamil Nadu. As per the charge sheet Kanimozhi has 20% share in her family owned TV channel Kalaignar in Tamil Nadu.As per the CBI Kamimozhi is main head behind the scam as she worked with A. Raja to shift the money from the applicants of spectrum to Kalaignar TV about 2 billion. Also, stat ed that A. Raja has directly involved in launching the TV channel by getting the permission from Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and also from DTH Tata service. She was charged a case to breach the trust by a public servant. She was arrested by CBI on May 20th 2011 and granted bail on November 28th, 2011 after spending in judicial custody. Still the tail is being following in special branch court CBI.Siddharth Behura is the telecom secretary when whole issue has taken place. Allegation on him is that he has shifted the deadline for the applications so has to avoid some companies. This is total misuse of power. He has been arrested by CBI on Feb 2nd 2011 and granted bail later. RK Chandolia, Raja’s private secretary involved in each and every aspect of the scam. He and Behura both together planned to limit deadline for the applications. He was arrested by CBI on Feb 2nd, 2011 and later granted bail. Irrespective of political pressure the ministry should be handed to w ell educated and trustful person.I think the director of department and minister is responsible for the entire scam. The Director of Department position needs filled by the sincere and honest person like retired IPS officers. The CBI offers and income tax department need to work out very effectively. Political pressure should not be applied on both the departments. In most of the cases the CBI is operated by the central government which makes its weaker to actions on the accused. That is not good for the country growth. CBI is a independent department under Supreme Court but most of the cases it work with respect to the ruling party.The income tax department needs to be more advanced and strengthen. This could reduce the flow of black money in this kind of situations. They need to monitor every action when related to the huge change of money. Media need to be alert in such issue and need provide perfect information to public. In this scam media played a vital role by leaking out the important videos to the public and letting out the truth. Whistle blowing in some situation is very important and in some other situations it create serious problem to the whistle blower.When coming to this scam I think whistle blowing is right thing to do. Since, the highest position of the department of telecom is involved in it. Report against a minister to any higher authority is not a normal thing. This could be harmful to him and his position in the government. In this scam a government offer has approached to income tax department about the issue and other filled a case in the Supreme Court. As many political and government officials are involved complaint to higher authorities is very risk thing to do.In this case the government tried to reduce the impact of the issue by withdrawing the head of CBI and Income tax department by this we can understand the political pressure in this issue. Later whistle blowing to the media had made to case to sustain and the accused got arres ted. A. Raja has cleared used all his powers for his own purpose. The lobbying for the post of telecom minister itself clearly stated his nature. He didn’t even consider the recommendation and rules that Prime Minister has recommended. His thoughts were to earn and take advantage from his position.In his views it is ethical for him to do like as he did for his self advantage. The result of Raja’s dissent is the 2G scam. His dissent had done great loss to the government of India. Lot of money has been misdirected from the government treasure which should be used for the public welfare. This issue has lost the trust on the government in the public. The entire license issued by the Raja has been dismissed by the government and allocations with new prices are done later. This has been wasted government time and money. The moral principles like not to cheat the public being a public representative are at stake.The responsibility values as being in the position are at stake. As a responsible person Raja has make all the allotments in fair and transparent manner. He should act in such a way that government and public need to get advantage of it. Everything exposed in this scam are done unethically, being a public servant he should use the power for the public welfare not for his own needs. But Raja has totally misused his power for his personal needs and to give advantage for his own people. To stop such scam CBI and income tax departments need to be provided with full power and no political pressure on them.Reference 2g scam: Timeline. (2011, OCT 22). THE INDIAN EXPRESS. Retrieved from http://www. indianexpress. com/news/2g-scam-timeline/864055 2g spectrum scam: The story so far. (2011, September 15). NDTV. Retrieved from http://www. ndtv. com/article/india/2g-spectrum-scam-the-story-so-far-133841 Court to consider charge sheet in 2g scam case on feb. 11. (2013, JAN 30). THE HINDU. Retrieved from http://www. thehindu. com/news/national/court-to-conside r-charge-sheet-in-2g-scam-case-on-feb-11/article4360930. ece Dhananjay , M. (2011, sept 07). 2g loss? ovt gained over rs 3,000cr: Trai. THE TIME OF INDIA. Retrieved from http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2011-09-07/india/30122800_1_spectrum-trai-2g John , R. ( 2012, February 06). India to auction 2g spectrum from scandal-tainted licences. TECHWORLD. Retrieved from http://news. techworld. com/networking/3335201/india-to-auction-2g-spectrum-from-scandal-tainted-licences/ What is the 2g spectrum scam about?. (2012, march 2013). DECCAN HERALD. Retrieved from http://www. deccanherald. com/content/112984/what-2g-spectrum-scam-about. html

Is Seagram A Long History Of Success From The Company And...

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